Problem
Reasoning · Grade 3-1 Filling and Joining Shapes
Group A: glue the two triangles to each other first, then add the square
The two triangles can join in three ways.
Combining the two triangles into a familiar bigger shape (square, triangle, or parallelogram) first is the same shape-building a first grader practices, and the area stays 2 units as a quick check.
1.G.A.2Draw A DiagramGroup B: attach each triangle onto a side of the square by a leg
Adding the square gives a rectangle, a big triangle and a parallelogram — 3.
Trying each side of the square and each direction of the triangle in turn is a complete, orderly search a young learner can carry out without missing a case.
1.G.A.2Make A Systematic ListGroup B results
Attaching them separately adds a trapezoid, a pentagon and hexagons — 5 more.
Sorting by how many sides each finished outline has (4 sides, 5 sides, 6 sides) makes it easy to see they are genuinely different shapes.
1.G.A.2Make A Systematic ListRemove repeats and count
None coincide under turns or flips: 8 in all.
Comparing the pictures after flips is the careful last step that stops us from counting the same shape twice or missing one.
1.OA.A.2Draw A DiagramComparing the finished outlines after turning and flipping them is what stops the same shape being counted twice.
Why?
A turn or a flip keeps every side length and angle, so two outlines that can be moved onto each other are one and the same shape.
Why?
Sorting the outlines into families that can be moved onto one another places each outline in exactly one family, so the families are what get counted.
Group the cases (triangles glued first, or each on a square side), draw them all, then flip to remove copies: simple Grade 1 shape-building finds all 8 shapes (4 with straight sides and 4 with a dent)!
- Group A: glue the two triangles to each other first, then add the square
- Group B: attach each triangle onto a side of the square by a leg
- Group B results
- Remove repeats and count