Operations & Word Problems

Depth · one concept from first principles · step 2 of 4

Pin the boundary so exactly three naturals fit

The inequality 5x−12−a≤x+3\frac{5x-1}{2}-a\le x+3 has exactly 33 solutions that are natural numbers (positive integers). Find the range of values of the constant aa.

Expressions
Your answer
How to solve
Strategy Convert to Algebra — Turn the inequality into x ≤ (boundary). Then place the boundary on a number line: the naturals below it must be exactly 1, 2, 3.
1STEP 1

Clear the fraction

Multiply both sides by 2 and gather terms.

5x-1-2a ≤ 2x+6 → 3x ≤ 2a+7 → x ≤ (2a+7)/3
2STEP 2

Place the boundary on a number line

For the natural solutions to be exactly 1, 2, 3, the boundary must reach 3 (3 included) but stay below 4 (4 excluded).

3 ≤ (2a+7)/3 < 4
3STEP 3

Solve for a

Multiply every part by 3, subtract 7, divide by 2.

9 ≤ 2a+7 < 12 → 2 ≤ 2a < 5 → 1 ≤ a < 5/2
Answer
1 ≤ a < 5/2
At a=1 the solution set is x ≤ 3: naturals 1, 2, 3, exactly three. At a=5/2 it is x ≤ 4, giving four naturals, so 5/2 must be excluded. At a=0.9 it is x ≤ 8.8/3, about 2.93, only two naturals.
Takeaway

Counting solutions is really about where the boundary sits between two whole numbers.

  • Clear the fraction
  • Place the boundary on a number line
  • Solve for a
Where next?
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