Problem
Reasoning · Grade 6-1 Clocks and Angles
Say exactly what an overlap is
An overlap is the minute hand gaining a full lap.
This is the same idea as two runners on a circular track: the faster one only draws level again after gaining a whole lap, not when he has merely run further.
4.MD.C.5Solve An Easier Related ProblemCount the laps in 12 hours
In twelve hours it gains 11 laps.
You do not have to know when the overlaps happen to know how many there are. Counting laps turns a picture question into one subtraction a fourth grader can do.
4.OA.A.3Look For A PatternCheck the count hour by hour and find the missing one
Hour by hour, only the eleven o'clock hour has none.
Listing the hours in order is how you catch the off-by-one. The tempting wrong answer is 12, one per hour; the list shows plainly that the 11-to-12 hour is the one that has none of its own.
4.MD.A.2Make A Systematic ListDouble the count for a whole day
A whole day doubles it to 22.
A clock repeats itself exactly every 12 hours, so the second half of the day is a perfect copy of the first — you may double the answer instead of recounting.
4.OA.A.3Look For A PatternFind how fast the minute hand gains on the hour hand
The minute hand gains 5.5 degrees a minute.
Two rates going the same way subtract, exactly like a fast walker gaining on a slow one. The single number 5.5 degrees per minute now carries all the information about both hands.
6.RP.A.3Analyze The UnitsWhat matters is not either hand's speed but how fast the minute hand gains on the hour hand.
Why?
Both hands move forward together, so the part of the turning they share does not close the gap between them at all.
Why?
An overlap happens each time the minute hand has gained one whole lap, and the dial brings it back to the same place every lap.
Work out how long one whole gained lap takes
A full gained lap takes 720/11 minutes.
A division that does not come out even is simply a fraction — 720 divided by 11 is the fraction 720 over 11. Leaving it that way keeps the answer exact instead of rounding to something like 65.45 minutes.
5.NF.B.3Analyze The UnitsTurn that into a clock time
As a time that is 1:05 and 5/11 p.m.
Converting minutes into hours and minutes is just trading 60 minutes for 1 hour, the same swap you make with any measurement unit; the leftover fraction rides along untouched.
4.MD.A.1Look For A PatternCheck that the eleven gaps fill the twelve hours exactly
Eleven gaps fill the twelve hours exactly.
This is the satisfying moment: the answer to part 3 proves the answer to part 1. Eleven equal steps of 720 over 11 minutes exactly cover the 720 minutes of half a day.
5.NF.B.3Look For A PatternThe hands meet once for every whole lap the minute hand gains — 11 laps in half a day, so 11 meetings, spaced exactly 720/11 minutes apart.
- Say exactly what an overlap is
- Count the laps in 12 hours
- Check the count hour by hour and find the missing one
- Double the count for a whole day
- Find how fast the minute hand gains on the hour hand
- Work out how long one whole gained lap takes
- Turn that into a clock time
- Check that the eleven gaps fill the twelve hours exactly