Operations & Word Problems

Depth · one concept from first principles · step 2 of 4

Sum pyramid: symmetric terms cancel at the top

Each brick is the sum of the two bricks under it. Starting from five expressions on the bottom row, build the pyramid up and find the expression at the top.
(A) x+2y x+y x x−y x−2y 123 123 35 1+2=3 2+3=5
Expressions
Your answer
How to solve
Strategy Draw a Diagram — Fill the pyramid one row at a time, combining like terms at every step so the expressions stay short. Then look at why the y parts disappear: the bottom row is symmetric.
1STEP 1

Second row

Add each pair of neighbors in the bottom row.

2x+3y, 2x+y, 2x-y, 2x-3y
2STEP 2

Third row

Add neighbors again.

4x+4y, 4x, 4x-4y
3STEP 3

Fourth row

Add the two pairs.

(4x+4y)+4x=8x+4y, 4x+(4x-4y)=8x-4y
4STEP 4

Top brick

The last sum: the +4y and -4y cancel.

(8x+4y)+(8x-4y)=16x
5STEP 5

Why the y's vanish

Each bottom brick is counted 1, 4, 6, 4, 1 times on the way up: 1+4+6+4+1=16 copies of x, while the mirror-image y parts cancel.

2×1+1×4+0×6+(-1)×4+(-2)×1=0
Answer
16x
Try x=1, y=1: the bottom row is 3,2,1,0,-1, then 5,3,1,-1, then 8,4,0, then 12,4, then 16. And 16x=16. It matches.
Takeaway

Add the x's with the x's and the y's with the y's, and watch symmetry do the cancelling.

  • Second row
  • Third row
  • Fourth row
  • Top brick
  • Why the y's vanish
Where next?
Another one like thissuggested

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