Reasoning · Grade 6-2 Counting Cubes and Stackings

Problem

Most and fewest cubes fitting three views

Three views of a cube solid are given. From the top, a 4 by 3 plan with only the back-left and middle-right cells empty. From the front the heights are 2, 3, 1, 2; from the right, front to back, 1, 3, 2. Find the largest possible number of cubes.
Top Front Right side
Your answer
How to solve
Strategy Draw a Diagram — Three separate pictures are hard to hold in the head at once, so the whole problem is redrawn as one diagram: the top view, with the front-view number written under each column and the side-view number written beside each row. Every stack then sits at the crossing of two numbers, which turns a three-dimensional maximum into ten independent little decisions -- each stack takes the smaller of its two labels. Writing the numbers into the picture rather than reasoning about the solid is also what keeps the front-to-back direction of the side view straight.
1STEP 1

Put all three views into one picture

Put all three views into one picture.

2STEP 2

Every stack is squeezed between two limits

Each stack is capped by the smaller of two limits.

min(1, 3) = 1
3STEP 3

Fill every cell right up to its ceiling

For the most, fill right up to each cap.

4STEP 4

Check that the greedy filling really shows the three given views

Even filled, the three views are unchanged.

5STEP 5

Add up the cubes

Counting gives 15 cubes.

5 + 6 + 4 = 15
Answer
15 cubes
5 + 6 + 4 = 15
The answer is a whole number of cubes, which is the right kind of thing, and it has to sit between two easy bounds. There are 10 shaded cells each needing at least 1 cube, so no solid with these views uses fewer than 10; and the tallest bar anywhere is 3, so no solid uses more than 10 x 3 = 30. The answer 15 is comfortably inside 10 to 30, and it is close to the low end, which fits a top view whose whole front row is capped at 1. As a second check, only one cell in the whole diagram had any freedom at all -- the back row, column 2 cell, whose ceiling is 2 but which would still leave every view correct at 1 -- so solids with these three views use either 15 or 14 cubes, and 15 is the larger.
Takeaway

Write the front numbers under the columns and the side numbers beside the rows, then give every square the smaller of its two numbers -- that is the fullest solid the three pictures allow.

  • Put all three views into one picture
  • Every stack is squeezed between two limits
  • Fill every cell right up to its ceiling
  • Check that the greedy filling really shows the three given views
  • Add up the cubes